Potable water systems utilize a series of treatment processes to ensure the delivery of safe drinking water to communities. The treatment approach depends on the quality of the incoming source water, which typically originates from surface water—such as streams, lakes, or reservoirs—or groundwater from subsurface aquifers. 

 

Using chemicals in the water treatment process enhances the removal of contaminants, improves efficiency, and ensures the water is safe for consumption.

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• The treatment process generally begins with oxidation, using permanganate or chlorine dioxide, and coagulation, using aluminum or iron based chemicals, to aggregate impurities.

• This is followed by flocculation and sedimentation, during which additional chemicals, such as polymers, may be added to enhance the formation and settling of flocs.

• The clarified water is then subjected to filtration and disinfection using agents such as chlorine or mono-chloramine.

• Following disinfection, operators may adjust the pH or add a corrosion inhibitor, such as phosphate, and incorporate fluoride to optimize water quality before distribution.